Panels with scenes of the Martyrdom of Saint Lucia, Catalonia, 13th century.

upper half of left panel	lower half of right panel

Painting
c. 1300
left panel: 68.3 x 25.3 x 1 cm; 66 x 25.8 x 2 cm (right pannel)
Long-term loan from the former Bosch i Catarineu Collection, 1934; given by Julio Muñoz Ramonet, 1950
Inventory number: 035703-CJT
Century: 13th
Subject: Religion
Tempera on wood with gold finishes
From the parish church of Santa Llúcia de Mur (Guàrdia de Noguera, Pallars Jussà).
Source: Museo Nazionale di Arte della Catalunya - MNAC, Barcellona

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Referenced as figure 550 in The military technology of classical Islam by D Nicolle
550. Manuscript, Martyrdom of Santa Lucia, late 13th century AD, Spanish, Bosch Coll., Barcelona.

The separate coif was not, in fact, to become widely popular in the West until the late 13th century³⁹ although it might have been adopted somewhat earlier in Italy⁴⁰ and Spain (Figs. 523 and 550. Any such trend strongly suggests that the separate mail coif, primarily a defence against arrows, was introduced into Europe either from Byzantium or from the Muslim world or perhaps from both (Figs. 551 and 590).